What does Bronte wish us to understand about early 19th century :: Essays Papers

What does Bronte wish us to understand about early 19th centurysociety from our reading of the first hug drug chapters of Jane Eyre?In the early chapters, Bronte establishes the young Janes characterthrough her confrontations with John and Mrs. Reed, in which Janesgood-hearted but strong-willed determination and integrity frameapparent. These chapters also establish the novels mood.Jane is an invented character but there was such a thing asmis-treated children.One type of nuisance was the abuse directed to Jane by the Reed family.Janes aunt makes her life a misery. Jane is starved of love andaffection. Mrs Reed finds fault with Jane because she wasnt a contentchild. Jane says, She in reality must exclude me from privilegesintended only for contented, happy little children.Mrs Reed gives an unbelievable amount of cruel treatment to Jane forexample, Mrs Reed has a new circumstances of rules exclusively for Jane.John Reed is a child that behaves in an abusive way. No adult in theh ousehold stopped Johns behaviour.He called his mother old girlreviled her for her dark skin and hewas free her own darling.John vandalized the place insulted and disrespected his motherdespite this he was still her own darling. John steps out of line,and is despicably behaved.John Reedlarge and stout for his agewith flabby cheeks. He ought tohave been at develop but his mamma had taken him home for a month ortwo, on account of his delicate health. This states that John ismeant to be in instill but his mother feels that his health is fragile,whereas he eats too much and doesnt do enough exercise.Mrs Reed is unintentionally abusing her own children by all over indulgingthem this is another form of abuse.Mrs Reeds children grow up unbalanced and we see towards the end ofthe book, that John commits suicide. Mrs Reed isnt teaching herchildren how to punctuate between right and wrong.There is an extreme contrast between Jane and Johns abuse.Another aspect is that John abuses Jane phy sically. John attacks her,and for the first time she fights keister scratching and crawling. Thefact that Jane lashes out at John changes things, even though Johnattacks her first.The book that Jane chooses off the shelf is called Bewicks History ofBritish Birds.She describes the books as, showing decease white realmsshadow. Thewords in these introductory pagesgave significance to the rockstanding up alone in a sea billow of and spray to the bewildered boatstranded on a desolate coast to the cold and ghastly moon glancingthrough bars of cloud at a bust up just sinking.

Comparing The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Pleasantville :: comparison compare contrast essays

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Pleasantville   Have you ever so heard of the great Mark Twain? Many state realize and recognize his novels by name especially his most famous book called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The great thing about Huck is that it was meant to be a unanalyzable book, but ended up deemed a classic. The reason for this is that it contains many great American themes and motifs. Many American novels, books and movies similarly contain these themes and motifs, making it very open to compare Huckleberry Finn to Pleasantville. Although the plot of each story is very different, Huckleberry Finn and Pleasantville have the same motifs. Both the movie and the book have the motifs of going west, freedom fighter vs. the establishment and Jim wallow/Shaman. This essay will compare these common American motifs.    The go west motif is about the characters running away or escaping from where they previously were (this doesnt neces sarily have to include a trip west). In Huck Finn the river is the tool used to help Huck and Jim escape from their life. The river helps to take Huck and Jim away from civilization and reunify them with nature. The river also helps to free them from slavery, Huck being a slave to the Widow Douglas and Jim actually being Miss Watsons slave. In Pleasantville a life in colour is how the townspeople are allowed to go west. When they are in shady and white they have the perfect life, meaning that nothing can ever go wrong, therefore they can never learn from their mistakes. When David introduces the thought of thinking for themselves to the teenagers of Pleasantville they begin to notice that there are other places in the world, this begins to change things from black and white to colour. Both stories contain the motif of going west. Another motif in these two works is the Rebel vs. the Establishment motif. In Huck the rebel would be Huck and one of the establishments woul d be the civilized people in the book. Huck refuses to believe that people can be so shallow and religious, and also believes that this comes from being civilized. The other establishment would the Widow Douglas/Miss.

The Effects of World War II on Kurt Vonneguts Writing :: Biography Biographies Essays

The Effects of World fight II on Kurt Vonneguts Writing February 13, 1945 Dresden, Germany. War is raging acrossEurope. In a racy underground meat locker beneathSchlacthof-Funf, Slaughterhouse Five, 100 American prisoners andtheir six German guards feel the Earth move as Royal nisus Forcebombers lay wreckage to the city above. They can only hear themass terror as the greatest slaughter in European history takesplace, cleanup spot an estimated 135,000 civilians and destroyingcathedrals, museums, parks, and even the zoo. In the morning,after the carnage has ended, the prisoners are put to workexcavating bombed-out buildings to search for the dead. One ofthose Americans was none other than Private Kurt Vonnegut,Junior. Vonneguts experiences in World War II were to haunt himthe rest of his life, and were to feature prominently at heart hiswriting. Two of his novels, Mother Night and Slaughterhouse F ive,take place almost entirely within Hitlers Germany. The latter isperhaps Vonneguts most autobiographical work to date, the actionoccurring in and around Slaughterhouse Five, the very hellhole inwhich he toiled for his captors. The former is no doubt lessautobiographical, but the main character certainly has manythings in common with his creator an American artist within NaziGermany, doing what he felt was necessary to stay alive and tofurther his work. Mother Night, ironically, was not brought about as muchby Vonneguts exposure to the Nazis in Dresden, but to a greater extent from hisimpressions and experiences in the mid-West during the Thirties,when American Nazis were rampant in Indianapolis and his own auntencountered the new race laws of the German Germans, but it nodoubt drew intemperately upon his experiences at the hands of Nazicaptors and his time spent in their land. Even in the stories that do not actively portray the

Mischels Greenhouse :: Creative Writing Story

Mischels GreenhouseWhile working at the brand new Mischels Greenhouse I found out it was variousfrom every other job I ever had. It was one of the most responsible jobs so farof my life. Four thousand lives were almost to ganglingy in my exchange sisters,Tanya, and my hands. By us watering them daily. Because it was so hot out-side,the greenhouse was stifling. Watering mums was a very tedious job be-cause itwas repetitious. I started daily at 9 A.M. my whole day consisted of takingc ar of Forty thousand mums. They sat on top of many benchtops collecting sunand, heat rays wait for us to water them. aft(prenominal) watering them, John, (Myboss), would go behind me and pull flowers. Which means separateing out the bestplants. Then Tanya and I would pick them up and put them on a rack 5x5 and thenshrink wrap them. Shrink-wrapping was mainly my job throughout the day. Iwould load an 8 foot tall rack then I would wrap the rack full of mums so themums would not fall off. Then I would ta ke the palette jack and pick up therack,and load it into the Ford truck. Loading is hard because I have to make surethey go all the way to the back and to the side of the truck. It cant be oneinch off otherwise it could hurt the plants (They could rub together) and theracks wouldnt fit side by side. Its a endless cycle, day after day, untilall the mums are gone. When the mums are all gone, its a glorious feel ofrelief. All the benches had to be cleaned to get ready for poinsettias. Tanyawent back to Belarus to live with her real family so I asked my friends if anyof them wanted to help and only one said yes. I told my boss and a week latermy friend was working with me It was my job to show him the ropes with thepoinsettias. After he got the hang of things it was smooth sailing, to loadpoinsetias. We did everything the same as the mums except we put eight plants in

T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land †Can We Learn From the Past ? Essay examp

T.S. Eliots The Waste Land Can We Learn From the Past ?And he is not likely to know what isTo be done unless he lives in what is notmerely the present, but the present momentof the past, unless he is conscious, not of whatis dead, but what is already living. --T.S. Eliot, Tradition and the Individual genius When read for the first time, The Waste Land appears to be a concoction of sorts, a disjointed poem. Lines are written in different languages, narrators change, and the scenes seem disconnected, provided for the repeated references to the desert and death. When read over again, however, the pieces become coherent. The Waste Land is categorized as a poem, but exhibited visually, it appears to be a literary collage. And when rest back and viewing the collage from afar, a common theme soon emerges. Eliot collects aspects from different cultures or what he calls cultural memories. These assembled memories depict a lifeless world, in which the barrenness of these scenes speak of a wasted condition. He concentrates on women, including examples of violence committed against them and the womens subsequent lack of response to this violence, to show how apathetic the world is. and The Waste Land is not a social commentary on the plight of women. Rather, the womens non-reaction to the violence against them becomes a metaphor for the impotence of the human race to act to pain. Violence recurs throughout time, and as Eliot points to in his essay Tradition and Individual Talent in the epigraph, we can break this cycle of violence and front frontward only by learning from the past and applying this knowledge to the present. Form often follows function in poetry, and in this case, Eliot uses this notion whe... ...ing these fragments, he saw how asleep he used to be I have heard the keyTurn in the door once and turn once onlyWe think of the key, all(prenominal) in his prison,Thinking of the key, each confirms a prison (412-415)These memories become his key to awken the rest of us who are still pretending. The reader is left with two choices at the end of the poem. S/he can either forget about the poem, and go back to living in a waste land, or s/he can stop repressing pain and feeling and leave the waste land. Eliot ends the poem with a man (maybe himself?) sitting on a shore, fishing, with the desiccated plain behind me and asking, Shall I at least set my lands in order? (425-36) The man here, by facing his pain, has left the waste land, and is able to move ahead. Work Cited1 Plato, Republic, in Great Diaologues of Plato (Mentor New York, 1984), 313.

The Boston Massacre Essay example -- essays research papers fc

The capital of Massachusetts Massacre was and is unbosom a debatable Massacre. The slip occurred on March 5, 1776. It involved the rope workers of the colonial Boston and two British regiments, the twenty-ninth and the fourteenth regiments. Eleven people were shot in the incident five people were killed and the other six were merely wounded. The soldiers and the captain, doubting Thomas Preston, were all put on trial. All were acquitted of charges of murder, however the two soldiers who fired first, Private Mathew Killroy, and Private William Montgomery, the two soldiers were guilty of manslaughter. The causes were numerous for this event. There had been a nation wide long-term dislike towards the British, and a growing hatred towards them by the people of Boston. Even before the two regiments were sent in to varan Boston there was a growing feud before the two sides.The population of Boston in 1765 was over twenty thousand people, and it was the second largest metropolis in the country. The city was split up into two political factions, the loyalists, also known as the Tories were loyal to the British nation and respected and followed their policies. The other assemblage was the Patriots, they too pledged alliance with the British, but they also believed strongly in their colonial rights, and more often then not went against parliamentary decisions. America still had not declared independence from England in 1765, and was expected to follow the rules of the parliament and the King. The government like all other states was structured differently, but the people choose their representatives. Unlike the British who allow the people vote, but they are indirectly represented by Parliament. The postage act was one of the first things Britain did to upset the colonies. whoremonger Adams who was a prospering young lawyer at the time, called the Stamp Act That enormous engine, fabricated by the British Parliament, for battering down all the rights and libertie s of America. The stamp act put a tax on legal documents, and other paper items. The Americans called this Taxation without representation, because they didnt have any elected officials in Parliament, who were representing them. The Americans petitioned the administration, but the King and Parliament simply ignored our pleas. This act caused the formation of the loyal nine. The Loyal Nine were a group of several Bo... ... device that let first offenders off without punishment, priest used it. They were not put to death. They were set free, but only after they had been branded on the thumb. The Boston Massacre was an event that only strengthened colonial Americas hatred toward the British nation. People could answer the question of whether or no the Boston Massacre was truly a massacre differently. In my mind, yes, it was a massacre, I believe this because in the dictionary it states that a massacre is, The unnecessary, and indiscriminate killing of a large physique of human being s or animals. I would have to say five people is a large number of human beings to kill in one sitting. BIBLIOGRAPHYLukes, comely L. 2000. The Boston Massacre. San Diego, CA Lucent Books.Freedman, Russell. 2000. Give Me Liberty. Library in congress cataloging-in-publication data. Hull, Mary E. 1999. The Boston Tea Party. Springfield, NJ Enslow Publishers.Stout, Neil R. 1976. The Perfect Crisis. New York, NY New York University Press.http//encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761579296http//www.infoplease.com/ce6/ chronicle/A0808436.htmlhttp//earlyamerica.com/review/winter96/massacre.html

Drawing Essay

I believe hookinging is the single most important skill for both visual operative to acquire, whether they argon a painter, illustrator, graphic designer, or fashion designer. It is simply the act of work outing made visual. When one learns how to draw, what they are unfeignedly learning is the ability to see more clearly and communicate what they see or can imagine. As such, pull is a spear for study, and communication even before it is a tool for making art. When you draw a picture, do you draw the character in blocks head start or what? I just cant seem to name my characters anatomically right. I saw your booklist on your site. Do you know of any books which teach you to draw the body in blocks? From Christine LauI dont draw blocks first when drawing a figure. Usually Ill do a very loose, light, scribbly gesture drawing instead. If you want to learn the blocks method, try any of the books by George Bridgeman, Andrew Loomis, or the books by Robert Beverly Hale. (all are li sted on my site) Avoid books by Burne Hogarth, (one of my old teachers) as they arent very accurate and can be very misleading. (note Glenn Vilppus books are also an excellent source) By far, the best book for anatomy though is the book by Stephen Rogers Peck (also on the site). There is no quick fix for drawing anatomyit just takes a few years of study. Keep it up though, its worth it once you get a handle on it p.s. Also, draw from live nude models as much as possible, thats the best method to learn it. What is the hardest thing to draw?From Everybody aught is really harder or easier to draw in a mechanical sense. If a person can draw one thing, they are perfectly capable of drawing something else with the same degree of accuracy. The problem is in the phrase the same degree of accuracy. If someone says they can draw, for instance, landscapes, but they cant draw people, what they are really saying is, when I draw landscapes, I draw well enough that no one can tell what Ive drawn incorrectly. The reason people, and particularly faces, are so difficult to draw is not because they themselves are any harder to draw than a tree. What changes is our tolerance as viewers for any degree of inaccuracy. We are so intimately familiar with faces and their associated nuances, that the slightest deviation appears as a gross misproportion. Because of this, I am constantly demanding my students draw people, and especially self-portraits, because they effectively highlight any weak skill areas that need attention. My students erroneously believe its because Im sadistic. What purpose does drawing have for artists today?From Carole (Shropshire, United Kingdom) I commemorate people often misrepresent drawing as a medium, or group of mediums, rather than an activity. I see drawing as the visual homogeneous of language. It is simply the means we communicate ideas visually through a series of marks on a ground. So to rephrase the question, it is a little alike(p) asking What purpose does speaking have for people today? For both, the answer I would give is the communication of information. This information can take the form of ideas, thoughts, commentary, entertainment, or just literal facts, but for all of these, drawing is just the mode of transmission. How artfully this is done is another, separate, issue. In the case of artists specifically, it is the fastest and most efficient way to represent an idea visually. Far more immediate than any other way of doing it, a quickly drawn sketch or thumbnail is usually the first look an artist has at how they might execute an idea.

Gender Stratification Essay

Carl defined Feminism as the vast collection of social movements and theories about sexuality differences, proposing social equivalence for all people. Thinkers of feminism take that men and women are equal and that women deserve the same opportunities as men. There were three waves of feminism. First-wave feminism was between 19th and twentieth century, which was about womens suffrage movement and protested legal inequality such as voting. Second-wave feminism began in 1960s, which focused on social independence and equality in the schoolplace and education. This excessively included protection form sexual and domestic violence. In 1990s, a third-wave feminism came about as a chair of failure that scratch and second waves had. The third-wave feminism focused on multiracial and socioeconomic groups. This movement encouraged women to be outspoken and address issues such as abuse, rape, and sexuality.Although women are earning more degrees than men, they continue to face wage g ap and glass ceiling at workplace. Feminist theory focuses on bringing equality in work and education as well as expanding the human opportunities for women by allowing their enrollment to graduate schools and career choices. In addition, feminist theory focuses on eliminating gender stratification. A woman can now do a job that was once done by men, such as becoming a Marine. It also focuses on ending violence against women because male violence perpetuates gender inequality in our society. For example, a fake British law allows a man to chide his wife as long as the stick is not larger than his thumb in diameter. There are two types of feminism, liberal and radical. Liberal feminists believe in equal opportunities for women where they can pursue their interests and achieve equality without being discriminated. Radical feminists agree with liberal feminists but they carry the ideas further by guidance on capitalism. This is where one might avoid doing traditional women activities such as childbearing.Functionalism theory argues that competition between men and women is eliminated and family life runs smoothly because the differences between them patron maintain the society. For example, women are placed in a sphere where they take care of children and perform domestic tasks while men go out and work to provide for the family, which are complementary. In conflicttheory, it is argued that women are at the bottom of the system regardless. In other words, it is a patriarchal society and the work a woman does is often devalued, reinforcing the power for men. In symbolic interactions, it is believed that behaviors come about by doing gender based on everyday interactions such as pistillate behaving in feminine ways and males behaving in masculine ways. Nevertheless, significant feminist efforts and movements are in progress to bring equality between male and females.In this essay, we will discuss chapter 11 Gender StratificationThe Social Side of Sex, from the book Think Sociology by John D. Carl (2011). This essay has three main ideas. The first idea focuses on gender differences in children. We will learn about gender construction, gender roles, and the media. The second idea focuses on gender inequality in education, workplace, and politics. Here, we will learn about lack of career opportunities and wage gap at workplace. The third idea focuses on feminism and the perspectives of the feminist theory. Here, we will take aim an insight on the types of feminism by learning about functionalism, symbolic interactionism, and conflict theory. With this knowledge, one can understand the gender stratification.

Java-Whitepaper Essay

This white paper comp atomic number 18s C++/Qt with coffee tree/AWT/ jounce for developing braggy-scale, real-world softw atomic number 18 package with graphical drug commitr interfaces. References are made to independent reports that examine un homogeneous aspects of the two tool circumstancess. 1 A Comparison of Qt and chocolate 1. What Do We Compare? When selecting an environment for a large computer software development project, on that point are many aspects that must be considered.The roll language is nonpareil of the roughly signifi domiciliatet aspects, since its choice has considerable impact on what new(prenominal) options are available. For example, in a GUI development project, developers forget need a GUI library that provides ready-made user interface comp integritynts, for example, neverthelesstons and menus. Since the weft of the GUI library itself has a large impact on the development of a project, it is not uncommon for the GUI library to be chose n first, with the programming language being determined by the languages for which the library is available.Usually, there is only one language per library. Other software components like database price of admission libraries or colloquy libraries must also be taken into consideration, but they rarely have such a strong impact on the overall design as the GUI libraries. In this white paper, the objective is to canvas the C++/Qt environment with the coffee/AWT/ excision environment. In effect to do this in the most effectual way, we will begin by comparing the programming languages involved, i. e.C++ and Java, and then compare the two GUI libraries, Qt for C++ and AWT/ shiver for Java. 2. Comparing C++ and Java When discussing the various benefits and drawbacks of particular programming languages, the debate often degenerates into arguments that are based on private jazz and preference earlier than any objective criteria. Personal preferences and experience should be taken in to account when selecting a programming language for a project, but because it is subjective, it cannot be considered here.Instead we will look at issues such as software engineer- talent, runtime- competency and warehousing-efficiency since these can be quantified and have been examined in scientifically conducted research, although we will also incorporate information based on the practical exerience of projects that have been implemented in our own company. 2. 1. Programmer-efficiency Programmer-efficiency describes how efficiently (i. e. how quickly and accurately) a programmer with a given degree of experience and knowledge can implement a certain set of requirements in a particular programming language, including debugging and project setup time.Since developer salaries are one of the primary cost factors for any programming project, programmer-efficiency greatly affects the 2 A Comparison of Qt and Java cost-efficiency of the project. To some extent, programmer-efficiency i s also determined by the tools available. The main design goal of Java is increased programmer-efficiency compared to other general-purpose programming languages, rather than increased reposition- or runtime-efficiency. Java has several features designed to make it more(prenominal) programmer-efficient.For example, unlike C++ (or C), the programmer does not have to declaredly free (give back) allocated memory resources to the operating system. Freeing unused memory (garbage collection) is handled automatically by the Java runtime system, at the expense of memory- and runtime-efficiency (see below). This liberates the programmer from the burden of handleing track of allocated memory, a tiresome task that is a major cause of bugs. This feature alone should significantly increase the programmer-efficiency of Java programmers, compared to C++ (or C) programmers.Research shows that in practice, garbage collection and other Java features, do not have a major influence on the programm er-efficiency. One of the classic software esteem models, Barry Boehms CoCoMo1 predicts the cost and schedule of a software project using cost drivers which take into account variables like the general experience of a programmers, the experience with the programming language in question, the targeted reliability of the program, etc. Boehm carry throughs that the amount of effort per source statement was highly independent of the language level.Other research, for example, A method of programming measurement and estimation by C. E. Walston and C. P. Felix of IBM2, points in the same direction. both the reports cited here pre-date the advent of Java by many years, although they seem to reveal a general principle that the sophism of a general-purpose programming language has, compared with other aspects, like the experience of the developers, no significant influence on the overall project costs. There is more recent research that explicitly includes Java and which supports this hy pothesis.In An empirical comparison of C, C++, Java, Perl, Python, Rexx, and Tcl3, Lutz Prechelt of the University of Karlsruhe, describes an experiment he conducted in which computer science students were assigned a particular design and development task and asked to implement the specification provided in any of the languages C, C++, or Java which they could freely choose according to their personal preferences (the other languages were examined in a different part of the research project). The data gathered shows almost the same results for C++ and Java (with C running leash in most aspects).This is also backed up by our own experience if programmers can choose their favorite programming language (which is usually the one they have most experience of), programmers with the same level of experience (measured for example, in years of programming experience in general) achieve about the same programmer-efficiency. other interesting aspect that we noted (but which is not soon eno ugh supported by any formal 3 A Comparison of Qt and Java research) is that less experienced developers seem to achieve somewhat come apart results with Java, medium-experienced developers achieve about the same results with both programming languages, nd experienced developers achieve better results with C++. These catchings could be due to better tools being available for C++ nevertheless this is an aspect that must be taken into account. An interesting way to quantify programmer-efficiency is the Function place method developed by Capers Jones. Function points are a software metric that only depend on the voiceality, not on the implementation. Working from the function points, it is executable to compute the lines of code needed per function point as well as the language level which describes how many function points can be implemented in a certain amount of time.Intriguingly, both the values for the lines of code per function point and the language level are identical for C ++ and Java (6 for the language level, compared with Cs 3. 5 and Tcls 5, and 53 for the lines of code per function point, compared with Cs 91 and Tcls 64). In coda both research and practice contradict the claim that Java programmers achieve a higher programmer-efficiency than C++ programmers. 2. 2. Runtime-efficiency We have seen that Javas programmer-efficiency appears to be illusory. We will now examine its runtime efficiency. Again, Prechelt provides useful data.The amount of data he provides is huge, but he arrives at the conclusion that a Java program must be expected to run at least 1. 22 times as long as a C/C++ program. Note that he says at least the average runtime of Java programs is even interminable. Our own experience shows that Java programs tend to run about 2-3 times as long than their equivalent weight C/C++ programs for the same task. Not surprisingly, Java loses even more ground when the tasks are CPU-bound. When it comes to programs with a graphical user inter face, the increased latency of Java programs is worse than the runtime performance hit.Usability studies show that users do not care about whether a long running task takes, say, two or three minutes, but they do care when a program does not show an immediate reaction to their interaction, for example when they press a button. These studies show that the limit of what a user accepts before they consider a program to be unresponsive can be as little as 0. 7 seconds. Well return to this issue when we compare graphical user interfaces in Java and C++ programs. An explanation about why Java programs are slower than C++ is in order.C++ programs are compiled by the C++ compiler into a binary format that can be executed directly by the CPU the whole program achievement thus takes place in 4 A Comparison of Qt and Java hardware. (This is an oversimplification since most modern CPUs execute microcode, but this does not affect the issues discussed here. ) On the other hand, the Java compiler compiles the source code into bytecode which is not executed directly by the CPU, but rather by another piece of software, the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). The JVM in turn, runs on the CPU.The execution of the bytecode of a Java program does not take place in (fast) hardware, but instead in (much slower) software emulation. Work has been undertaken to develop Just in Time (JIT) compilers to address Javas runtime efficiency problem, but no universal solution has yet emerged. It is the semi-interpreted nature of Java programs that makes the compile once, run anywhere get along of Java realistic in the first place. Once a Java program is compiled into bytecode, it can be executed on any platform which has a JVM.In practice, this is not always the case, because of implementation differences in different JVMs, and because of the necessity to sometimes use native, non-Java code, usually compose in C or C++, together with Java programs. But is the use of platform-independent bytecode th e right approach for crossplatform applications? With a good cross-platform toolkit like Qt and good compilers on the various platforms, programmers can achieve almost the same by compiling their source code once for each platform write once, compile everywhere.It can be argued that for this to work, developers need access to all the platforms they want to support, while with Java, in theory at least, developers only need access to one platform running the Java development tools and a JVM. In practice, no responsible software manufacturer will ever certify their software for a platform the software hasnt been tested on, so they would still need access to all the relevant platforms. The question arises why it should be required to run the Java Virtual Machine in software if a program can be implemented in software, it should also be possible to have hardware implement the same unctionality. This is what the Java designers had in mind when they developed the language they assumed tha t the performance penalty would disappear as soon as Java CPUs that implement the JVM in hardware would become available. But after five years, such Java CPUs have not become slackly available. Java automatically de-allocates (frees) unused memory. The programmer allocates memory, and the JVM keeps track of all the allocated memory blocks and the references to them. As soon as a memory block is no perennial referenced, it can be reclaimed. This is done in a process called garbage collection in which the JVM periodically checks all the allocated memory blocks, and removes any which are no longer referred to. Garbage collection is very convenient, but the trade offs are greater memory consumption and slower runtime speed.. With C++, the programmer can (and should) wipe off blocks of memory as soon as they are no longer required.With Java, blocks are not deleted until the next garbage collection run, and this depends on the implementation on the JVM being used. Prechtelt provides fi gures which state that on average ( ) and with a confidence of 80%, the Java programs consume at least 32 MB (or 297%) more memory than the C/C++ programs ( ). In addition to the higher memory requirements, the garbage collection process itself requires processing power which is consequently not available to the unfeigned application functionality, leading to slower overall runtimes.Since the garbage collector runs periodically, it can occasionally lead to Java programs freezing for a a couple of(prenominal) seconds. The best JVM implementations keep the occurrence of such freezes to a minimum, but the freezes have not been eliminated entirely. When dealing with external programs and devices, for example, during I/O or when interacting with a database, it is usually desirable to squiffy the file or database connection as soon as it is no longer required. Using C++s destructors, this happens as soon as the programmer calls delete.In Java, closing may not occur until the next garba ge collecting sweep, which at best may tie up resources unnecessarily, and at rack up risks the open resources ending up in an inconsistent state. The fact that Java programs keep memory blocks around longer than is strictly necessary is especially problematical for engraft devices where memory is often at a premium. It is no coincidence that there is (at the time of writing) no complete implementation of the Java platform for embedded devices, only partial implementations that implement a subset.The main reason why garbage collection is more expensive than explicit memory management by the programmer is that with the Java scheme, information is lost. In a C++ program, the programmer knows both where their memory blocks are (by storing pointers to them) and knows when they are not needed any longer. In a Java 6 A Comparison of Qt and Java program, the latter information is not available to the JVM (even though it is known to the programmer), and thus the JVM has to manually find unreferenced blocks.A Java programmer can make use of their knowledge of when a memory block is not needed any longer by deleting all references that are still around and triggering garbage collection manually, but this requires as much effort on the part of the programmer as with the explicit memory management in C++, and still the JVM has to look at each block during garbage collection to determine which ones are no longer used. Technically, there is nothing that prevents the implementation and use of garbage collection in C++ programs, and there are commercial programs and libraries available that offer this.But because of the dis favours mentioned above, few C++ programmers make use of this. The Qt toolkit takes a more efficient approach to easing the memory management task for its programmers when an object is deleted, all dependant objects are automatically deleted too. Qts approach does not interfere with the programmers freedom to delete manually when they wish to. Because m anual memory management burdens programmers, C and C++ have been accused of being prone to generate unstable, bug-ridden software.Although the danger of producing memory corruption (which typically leads to program crashes) is certainly higher with C and C++, good education, tools and experience can greatly reduce the risks. Memory management can be learned like anything else, and there are a large number of tools available, both commercial and open source, that help programmers ensure that there are no memory errors in the program for example, Insure++ by Parasoft, cleanse by Rational and the open source Electric Fence.C++s flexible memory management system also makes it possible to write economic consumption memory profilers that are adapted to whichever type of application a programmer writes. To sum up this discussion, we have found C++ to provide much better runtime- and memory-efficiency than Java, while having comparable programmer-efficiency. 2. 4. Available libraries and tools The Java platform includes an impressive number of packages that provide hundreds of classes for all kinds of purposes, including graphical user interfaces, security, networking and other tasks.This is certainly an advantage of the Java platform. For each package available on the Java platform, there is at least one corresponding library for C++, although it can be strong to assemble the various libraries that would be needed for a C++ project and make them all work together correctly. However, this strength of Java is also one of its weaknesses. It becomes increasingly knotty for the individual programmer to find their way through the huge APIs. For any given task, you can be almost certain that somewhere, there is 7A Comparison of Qt and Java functionality that would accomplish the task or at least help with its implementation. But it can be very difficult to find the right package and the right class. Also, with an increasing number of packages, the size of the Java platf orm has increased considerably. This has led to subsets e. g. , for embedded systems, but with a subset, the advantage of having everything readily available disappears. As an aside, the size of the Java platform makes it almost impossible for smaller manufacturers to ship a Java system independent from lie Microsystems, Javas inventor, and this reduces competition.If Java has an advantage on the side of available libraries, C++ clearly has an advantage when it comes to available tools. Because of the considerable maturity of the C and C++ family of languages, many tools for all aspects of application development have been developed, including design, debugging, and profiling tools. While there are Java tools appearing all the time, they seldom measure up to their C++ counterparts. This is often even the case with tools with the same functionality coming from the same manufacturer compare, for example, Rationals Quantify, a profiler for Java and for C/C++.The most important tool an y developer of a compiled language uses, is still the compiler. C++ has the advantage of having compilers that are clearly superior in execution speed. In order to be able to ship their compilers (and other tools) on various platforms, vendors tend to implement their Java tools in Java itself, with all the aforementioned memory and efficiency problems. There are a few Java compilers written in a native language like C (for example, IBMs Jikes), but these are the exception, and seldom used. 3. Comparing AWT/Swing and QtSo far, we have compared the programming language Java and the programming language C++. But as we discussed at the germ of this article, the programming language is only one of the aspects to consider in GUI development. We will now compare the packages for GUI development that are shipped with Java, i. e. AWT and Swing, with the cross-platform GUI toolkit, Qt, from the Norwegian supplier, Trolltech. We have confined the comparision on the C++ side to the Qt GUI tool kit, since unlike MFC (Microsoft Foundation Classes) and similar toolkits, This seems to contradict Javas cross-platform philosophy and may be due to the the initial AWT version being reputedly developed in under fourteen days. Because of these and a number of other problems with the AWT, it has since been augmented by the Swing toolkit. Swing relies on the AWT (and consequently on the native libraries) only for very basic things like creating rectangular windows, handling events and executing primitive drawing operations. Everything else is handled within Swing, including all the drawing of the GUI components.This does away with the problem of applications looking and behaving differently on different platforms. Unfortunately, because Swing is mostly implemented in Java itself, it lacks efficiency. As a result, Swing programs are not only slow when performing computations, but also when drawing and handling the user interface, leading to poor responsiveness. As mentioned earlier, poor responsiveness is one of the things that users are least willing to tolerate in a GUI application. On todays standard good hardware, it is not unusual to be able to watch how a Swing button is redrawn when the mouse is pressed over it.While this situation will surely improve with faster hardware, this does not address the fundamental problem that complex user interfaces developed with Swing are inherently slow. The Qt toolkit follows a similar approach like Swing, it only relies on the native libraries only for very basic things and handles the drawing of GUI components itself. This brings Qt the same advantages as Swing (for example, applications look and behave the same on different platforms), but since Qt is entirely implemented in C++ and thus compiled to native code it does not have Swings efficiency problems.User interfaces written with Qt are typically very fast because of Qts smart use of caching techniques, they are sometimes even faster than comparable programs writ ten using only the native libraries. Theoretically, an best native program should always be at least as fast as an equivalent optimal Qt program however, making a native program optimal is much more difficult and requires more programming skills than making a Qt program optimal. Both Qt and Swing employ a styling technique that lets programs display in any one of a number of styles, independent of the platform they are running on.This is possible because both Qt and Swing handle the drawing themselves and can draw GUI elements in whichever style is desired. Qt even ships with a style that emulates the default look-and-feel in Swing programs, along with styles that emulate the 9 A Comparison of Qt and Java Win32 look-and-feel, the Motif look-and-feel, andin the Macintosh version the MacOS X Aqua style. 3. 2. Programming Paradigms In Qt and Swing While programming APIs to some extent are a matter of the programmers personal taste, there are some APIs that lend themselves to simple, s hort, and processed application code far more readily than others.

Example of a Reflective Writing

Examples of reflective indite An example of good reflective writing integration of theory with personal experience justification and chronicle of person experience using relevant theory as support provides insight into the authors observations of the theory appropriate use of language compend of theory within the context of own experience. Organisational switch and development theory suggests that models are a good way of providing swap practitioners with strategies to plan, implement and move through with(predicate) various stages of change (Waddell, Cummings & Worley, 2007).While it is arguable that models are useful in providing guidelines for change practitioners, I feel that they are not necessarily an accurate mental representation of how change is actually experienced in organisations. I have worked in an organisation that has been through repeated change throughout the duration of my employment. My experience of change has been somewhat different from how it is reflect ed in change models.For example, as an employee I have not been baffling in the initial planning stages of change, nor have I been involved in diagnosis at an individual level, therefore I am unclear as to what happens during these stages. From an individual perspective, it feels as though change is planned and implement in my organisation at the senior levels of management without adequate input or information to and from staff. Further, from my perspective, change is not experienced in a undisturbed manner as suggested by change models.I have experienced change that has not appeared to move beyond the unfreezing stages (Lewin, 1947), and I have also experienced change that has regressed at different stages rather than move forward. If I were to work with employees as a change practitioner, I would highlight the realities of change so that employees are conscious that there are multiple experiences in addition to the prominent way of viewing this process (McShane & Travaglione, 2007, p. 02) within academic references. An example of execrable reflective writing colloquial/non-academic writing style opinion-based without justification or explanation lack of engagement with theory links to references not made generalisation of opinion. In my work I have been though a lot of change and there is no way that what the change models say is right. My experiences of change have all been pestilential and there is no way that anybody could have had a good experience of change.I striket think change models are useful as they confess that change is an easy process which is different from my opinion that no change is easy. I think I can speak for everyone when I say that managers dont manage change properly as I have never seen the stages of any models within my organisation. This might be because my manager is a poor communicator which is what all the staff think. In my opinion, change models shouldnt be taught to students as they can only teach students to think about change in the slander way which doesnt help employees who have to go through it.